According to another rumour: (This rumour was written in the later periods) The ancestors of Karakalpaks had founded the city of Kazan and they were obliged to leave their homeland as a result of the turmoils that occurred in the later periods. In case that the last rumour is true, Kazan that is the Capital of Tataristan today must have been founded by he ancestors of Karakalpak Turks. According to the same rumour, Karakalpak Turks had come to the coastal line of Idyll (Bokhara), advanced towards the Aral Sea, passed through the north of this sea and settled to the lower parts of the River Syr-Darya. Against the plunders and pillages of the neighbouring people between the years of 1722 and 1740, Karakalpak Turks demanded help and aid from Cruel Petro for several times, but they could not get any help or support. Similarly, they attacked to the Russian City on the banks of Yayik (Ural) River for several times between the years of 1722-1744 and they even were able to reach to Samara. Vambery who was in Bokhara in the year of 1863 heard that "the sultan of Nogays was from the Karakalpaks in the ancient times.
The Russian Emperor, Petro had sent some of his men called as İvan Bucholtz and Alexander Bekoviç Çerkeskii to the Middle East for an expedition and investigation about the golden reserves in the region that he had heard of. Hive Khan struggled against these men in the course of their expedition. Murat Khan elected as the Khan of Bashkurds, Kazakhs and Karakalpaks who made a move upon the increase of the Russian pressure and influence wanted to ally with Kalmuks and Kazaks at first. But when he could not create an alliance, he went firstly to the Crimea and then to Istanbul with the hope of getting support. But Murat Khan returned empty-handed from these places. He gathered a small force from the Kuban people. He was defeated in the war that he fought against the Field Marshal, Şemeremetov in December in 1708 and was killed by the Russians. Karakalpaks were not heard for a long time, but then they were under the dominion of Hive Khanate in 1811. Karakalpaks could not remain silent while they were under the domination of Hive and they frequently rebelled against Hive Khans.
As a reason for their rebels, it is possible to indicate the heavy taxes that they paid to Hive Khans. They again rebelled in the year of 1859. But Hive Khan, Seyid Muhammed (1856-1865) suppressed this rebellion. Seyit Muhammed Khan was afraid of the Russian influence over the people in Hive. He made some initiative efforts. Pursuant to the suppression of the last rebellion, he declared that a prize (100 tills) would be granted for every Russian killed, but this offer did not attract much interest. He constructed some castles on some specific points of the River Oxus in order to prevent the entry of the Russian ships into the region of the River Oxus. In the year of 1863, Karakalpaks wanted protection from Russians in order to immigrate into the region of Syr-Darya, but they could not get any help. When the Russians entered into Hive in the year of 1873, the people helped them. Karakalpaks wanted from the Russians that they would be separated from Hive. According to the agreement concluded between Russia and Hive in 1873, most of Karakalpaks were under the dominion of Russia. Afterwards, the Russian dominion was totally established in this region.
Pursuant to the revolution in 1917, Karakalpaks were included within the Turkistan Autonomous Republic declared in 1918. In the year of 1920, Hive Khanate was totally under the dominion of Russia, and the other Karakalpaks that lived in this region acknowledged the domination of the Russians. This region was added to the Soviet Union in the year of 1924. It became an autonomous region connected to the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic founded within the structure of the Russian Federation on the date of 11th May 1925. However, this autonomous region got separated from Kazakhstan on the date of 20th March 1931, and it was transformed into Karakalpak Autonomous Republic connected to the Russian Federation. It was transferred to Uzbekistan according to the Constitution of the USSR on the date of 5th December 1936. The "Decree of Sovereignty" was adopted by the High Soviet of Uzbek SSR on the date of 31st December 1991. It declared its independency on condition that it was connected to Uzbekistan. The date of 1st September is celebrated as the Day of Independency (Sovereignty) both by Uzbekistan and Karakalpakistan. Today, Karakalpakistan is an autonomous republic connected to Uzbekistan.
The End
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