It was not good for the Caucasian tribes lived as small khanates and could not be organized as a powerful state. Imam Shamil succeeded to unionize these especially Turan origin tribes around religion base, but this unionize could not be successful at the end because the Ottoman Empire was in a dissolving period. Imam Shamil was more successful director and soldier when compared to his successors who were more eligible than Imam Shamil in respect of religiost subjects. During the Shaikh’s campaign, Russia could only took the control of Caspian Coast and Southern Caucasia. Applying Islamic rules, Sheikh Shamil received the respect of his people by his justice. After establishing a military direction system in Daghestan, Russia founded so called Islamic local courts as an alternative to that of Shaikh’s Islamic courts. But this Russian system was not accepted by Daghestan people and democratic state system founded by Imam Shamil on Islamic basis, lived with all its force.

Though Imam Shamil succeeded in breaking the power of beks and in developing a democratic system, Russians did no development in the slavery system of Daghestan villagers. However Russia abolished this system after two years of Shamil’s captivity. On the contrary, Russan Tzardom preferred attributed bekhs the government in these newly invaded contry as they did in Azerbaijan. When exile, capital punishment, migration and discrimination were addet to this situation, it is quite understandable how Daghestans hated Russian sovereign. It should be a subject to a research that how Imam Shamil succeeded not only in military basis but also in government respect, in such a country including many trbes which were gathered around a common target by Shamil who is still respected by all groups.

After the yieald of Imam Shamil, Russia decided to support the local bekhs against the Imams. Dahgestan war against Russia, continued even not as effective By using the Ottoman-Russian war in 1877, Daghestanis revolted together with Chechen at the same time, and they started a nationalistic movement under the leadership of Abdurrahman Efendi, one of the regencies of Sheikh Shamil. Old national foundation and institution were rebuilt and whole Daghestan was cleared from the Russians. Daghestan people fought severely against Russia with the hope that the Ottoman army would come for help. But, as the war turns in favour of Russians, they suppessed this revolt by new forces taken from Ottoman border.

The second revolt in 1905 did not succeed. The severe resistance of Daghestan people against the use of Russian language, made the Russia gave up this decisian. mecbur bıraktı. After Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, National Committee founded in Timurhan – Shura inn March, took the control of whole Daghestan. Russian left the government with no resistance. Daghestans also attended Caucasia İslamic Assembly held in Bakhu in April 1917. A large Caucasian assembly held in May at Terek-Kale (Vladikafkas) city to which all Caucasian highlandens from Caspian Sea to Black Sea attended. During this assembly it was decided to establish a national state. Then Terek Daghestan Lokal Government was founded. On 11th May 1918, Daghestan announced its independence under the leadership of Abdulmacid Cermoy as Daghestan and North Caucasia Republic with the support of the Ottoman Empire. On 6th October 1918 Derben was taken back and on 13th October 1918, the Daghestan Republic flag was raising over the republic. But, as the Ottoman army left the Caucasia with the Mondros Ceasefire on 30 October 1918, Daghestan was alone and faced the danger for invasion again.

Daghestan’s war first to Tzardom armies and then against Bolsheviks lasted in March 1920. 30 March 1920 Red Army started the invasion of Daghestan and Dahgestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was founded on 20 January 1921. After USSR dissolved, Daghestan still carries its situation as an Autonomous Republic depentand on Russian Federation.

The End

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