Since the year of 1864, the Tchetchens started to escape from the Russian pressure and to immigrate to the country of Ottomans together with the other northern Caucasus people. According to A. Bennigsen, nearly 40.000 people immigrated to the Ottoman lands in 1865. The emigration of Tchetchens to Turkey continued even after the Ottoman-Russian War in 1877-1878. In those years, there were some rebellions that were also fruitless such as the rebels under the command of the leaders of Baysungur, Uma Duyev, Atabi Atayev and Dade Zalmayev and the last great rebellion initiated by Alibey Hadji (Şir Ali Bey) in the years of 1877-1878.
However, the Bolshevik Revolution that burst out in Russia (February 1917) increased the hopes of Tchetchens towards independence like those of all Caucasians. Before long, the "Temporary Administration of the United Caucasus Bucolics Union" was established in Vladikafkas (Terekkale) on the date of 8th March 1917. This administration convened the First General Northern Caucasian Congress in Vladikafkas between the dates of 1st-7th May 1917 and stated that they wanted political independence. Upon the support of the Ottoman State, the representatives of the Northern Caucasus declared the Republic of the Northern Caucasus on the date of 11th May 1918. But, the life of this Republic could only be maintained until the attack of the partisans of Tsardom, the Belarus Army to the Northern Caucasus in March 1919. Upon this attack, Daghestan people initiated a rebellion against General Danikin, the Commander of the Belarus Army in June 1919. In this rebellion to which Tchetchens joined afterwards, all the garrisons of General Denikin in the Northern Caucasus were destroyed.
The Northern Caucasians had understood that the Bolsheviks had the same desires for invasion like the Belarussians and they suffered from some oppression. They initiated a new act of rebellion centred in Daghestan towards the autumn of 1920. On the date of 30th October 1920, the infantryman battalion numbered 203 connected to 32nd Division of the Army XI and a troop of artillerymen were trapped and annihilated by the rebellious people in the Arakan passage. Similarly, the 1st Infrantymen Troop of Moscow shared the same destiny in the slopes of a mountain between Vedeno (Tchetchenistan) and Botlik (Daghestan) on the date of 30th November. An infantryman battalion and a troop of the 292nd Unit was besieged and totally annihilated in a strait near Tchetchenistan on the date of 8th January 1921. This rebellion carried out under the management of the religious leaders was suppressed in May 1921, but Imam Necmeddin Gotsinski, Ansaltlı Seyyid Emin and some of his men continued to fight in the mountains of the Upper Tchetchenistan until they were arrested and executed in 1925.
The rebellion in 1920-1921 forced the Soviets to give some compensation to the Northern Caucasus. Finally, two republics were established upon the decree of the Russian Central Executive Committee on the date of 20th January 1921: Daghestan and Bucolic Autonomous Soviet Republics. Russians who were not contented with these foundations separated the Bucolic Republic into six divisions upon an official decree within a year. Therefore, Tchetchenistan and Ingushistan autonomous provinces were established on the dates of 20th November 1922 and 7th June 1924 respectively. The two autonomous provinces were united on the date of 15th January 1934 and their administrative status was increased on the date of 5th December 1936.
Therefore, they were transformed into the Tchetchen-Ingush Soviet Socialist Republic. However, Tchetchen-Ingush people who were blamed to collaborate with Germans in the World War II suffered from severe oppression of Russians and they were exiled to the Middle East in 1944. As a result of this forced immigration, the Tchetchen-Ingush Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished. Some of its lands were given to the Northern Osetya and some of them were given to Daghestan. After exactly thirteen years, the old autonomous administration was reestablished on the date of 9th January 1957 and this situation lasted until the end of 1980s.
The End
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