The Western Gok-Turks Kingdom
The Second Gok-Turks Kingdom
Early Turkic States
The Gok-Turks Khans
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Subtopics
The Importance of the Gok-Turk Khanate in Turkish HistoryAfter the Asian "Big" Huns Emperorship, the Gok-Turks Kingdom, the second "super" Turk Emperorship that was the first to use the word "Turk" as the of…The First Gok-Turk Khanate"ethnical" point of view in Central Asia in the 6th and 9th centuries was as follows:The Roots of Gok-TurksThe origins of the Gok-Turks, according to the Chinese sources, came from the Asian Huns. The leader's family was named Aşına (Asena, Zena, etc.). Gok…The Establishment of the Gok-Turks State (552)It is known that for the first time the Gok-Turks appeared in history as being dependent to the Juan Juans. They were busy with the blacksmith's profe…Gök-Türk Devleti'nin Büyümesi ve Mukan Kağan (553-572)Istemi Khan and the Gok-Turk State Becoming a World State (552-576)The power Mu-kan had commanded had been the army of the east wing of the emperorship. The other army under the command of Istemi (552-576) was active…The Relations of Gok-Turks and Byzantium Against the Sasani'sHowever, Anuşirvan was not happy with this sharing, although he had the "lion's share" in comparison to his additions for the victory. He also wanted…The Death of Mukan KhanMu-kan, the khan for whom all the military-political activities, including the movements of Istemi, had been done in the Emperorship of Gok-Turks, die…The Period of Khan Tapo (Tapar) and Wrong Applications (572-581)Mu-kan's brother T'a-po (Tapar? in 572-581) took his place. The new emperor of the powerful kingdom, called the Emperor of Chou who had sent beneath g…The Death of Istemi (576)Although his official name should have been "Yabgu" (the Gok-Turks people dependent of him were sometimes called as Yabgu Turks), we are being informe…The Period of Işbara and The Split of the State into Two (582)China continued encouraging the disagreements among the Gok-Turks. While Ta-lo-pien prepared for the struggle with the new great khan together with Ta…The Kingdom of East Gok-TurksIsbara lost the equilibrium under the hard conditions and he dismissed the commanders having high ranks whom he thought as being dependent to Ta-lo-pi…The Never-Ending Tricks of the ChineseIsbara (587) died in the confusion as the Gok-Turks Kingdom dissolved, the dependent tribes revolted, the Turks began to take refuge in China and the…The Period of Khan Şi-pi: The Refreshment of the Honour of Gok-TurksThe Refreshment of the Honour of Gok-Turks (609-619)The Successful Chinese Politics of Si-piThe last situation of Yang-ti resulted in disorders in China and the number of the opponents to him increased. This time it was witnessed to the depen…The Period of Kie-li: The Beginning of the Chinese SovereigntyThe Beginning of the Chinese Sovereignty (621-630)Chinese Slavery and Attempts for Independence: the Great Hero KurshatAttempts for Independence: the Great Hero Kurshat (630-680)The Slavery Years and Kür-sad's RebellionThe Chinese who ruined the Eastern Turkish Kingdom brought the people from the family of the khan to the capital and gave them some duties in order to…The Western Gok-Turks KingdomIn 582, Tardu was trying to terminate officially the relation with the Eastern Kingdom and was trying hard to unify both sides under his protection. T…The Short Weakness Period After Tardu (603-619)After the disappearance of Tardu, the number of the rebellious increased in the country, and the order spoiled. The grandchild of Tardu, who tried to…The Period of Tong Yabgu (619-630)But the real repose was in the period of the little grandchild of Tardu, T'ong-Yabgu (619-630). According to the Chinese source T'an-shu, this "clever…The Darkest Year in History of the Gok-Turk's: 630In the brightest periods of the Gok-Turks Empire, the On-oks and Karluks rebelled. It is very likely that those are proved by Küe-li, the Eastern khan…The Reasons why the Gok-Turk's Lost Their FreedomThe Reasons why the Gok-Turk's Lost Their Freedom The 50 years between the years of 630-680, in which the Gok-Turks had lost their freedom, was a peri…The Establishment of the Gok-Turk Second State By Khan Ilteriş Kutlug: 682Kutklug and Tonyukuk firstly attacked the providence Yün-çu in the north China in 681 and captured about 30 thousand of horses, sheep and camels and w…The Attacks Done to ChinaIt was certain that the new kingdoms' attack target would be China. The attacks of China, that had been like a parade of glory and victory, aimed on o…The Death of Khan Ilteris KutlugKhan Ilteris took under his control the Turks and the foreign tribes in the places from the Mountains of Kogmen (Tannu-ula) in the north, to the high…Khan KapaganWhen Ilteris died, he had two sons, one was 8 year-old (Bilge) and the other 7 year-old (Kül Tegin). His brother Kapagan (Kapgan) became the khan (692…The Principles of the State Politics of Khan Kapagana) to keep China under suppression. He had two aims: to protect the order of the Turkish state and to provide the opportunities of the agricultural ac…The Attacks of Khan KapaganYoung, harsh and ambitious Kapagan began to his series of attacks and victories with the raid of China in 693. He sabotaged severely the province of L…The Organization of the State of the KhanThe Khan Kapagan reorganized the army and the administration again suitable to the conditions in the summer of 697: he gave his brother the duty of th…The New Attacks of Khan Kapagan to ChinaHowever, contrary to his wish to marry his daughter with a prince of T'ang, the Empress Wu exposed a prince from her own family as the son-in-law; the…The Attack of the Khan Kapagan Towards the TurgisMeanwhile, the group of the western forces that dispatched by Inal and Bilge under the command of Tonyukuk, progressed through the Plateau of Yariş (C…The Transoxiana Attack of Khan KapaganThere was not any force that could resist to the Gok-Turks' armies in the Transoxiana, a place geographical position of which with its climate, and pr…First Relations With ArabiansThanks to the attack of Transoxiana, for the first time the Muslim Arabians (Tazik) were mentioned in the Orkhun Inscriptions. The name Tazik (by the…The Continuous Attacks to ChinaOn the other hand, Kapagan continued to the attacks to China. Between the years of 700-702, there were 21 attacks done to China. In 704, in the war of…The Control Khan Kapagan of the Turkish Groups in the NeighbourhoodsMeanwhile, the Basmils, who had political relations with China from the date of 649, were taken again under control (704). In 709, Khan Bilge began to…The Rebellions of Black Turgis and KarlukKhan Kapagan's severity, intolerant harshness was increasing the disorder, and as it was seen, was resulting the Turkish clans to rebel. In 711, altho…The Rebellion of Nine-Oguzs and the Death of Khan Kapagan (716)But the kingdom was boiling like a boiler. The conditions can be understood from the words written in the inscriptions, such as "when my khan uncle's…The Period of Khan Inal (Bögü)Inal, the successor son of Kapagan, did not have enough power to take the charge of the state's reins in that critical period of the kingdom. He could…The First Years of Khan Bilge and the Rebellions of OguzThe Frst Years of Khan Bilge and the Rebellions of OguzThe Success of Khan Bilge Over ChinaKhan Bilge had the desire to have a good relations with China. He had this opinion according to Tonyukuk's belief about the strength of China, and the…Bilge TonyukukThe last information about the great statesman of Gok-Turks was in 725. He must be dead after this date. From the time of the preparations of the inde…The Inscription of Bilge TonyukukAfter the death of Tonyukuk, an inscription has been built to his memory in the region of Bayin-çokto in Orkhun (perhaps in 726-727). This is not only…The Death of Kül Tegin (731)In the year of 731, Kül Tegin had died (in the old Turkish calendars, 17th day of the year of the "sheep"=731, February 27). He had 47 year-old, and h…The Inscription of Kül TeginThe Turkish text of the Kül Tegin's inscription, that was prepared according to the wish of Bilge, was written by Kül Tegin's "tutor" (atabey), Prince…The Death of Khan Bilge (734)There is not any action of Bilge, who was lost two of his helpers, instead of the victory he had gained in the Mountain of Töngkes against the K'i-tan…The Collapse of the State of Gok-Turks (745)After the death of Bilge, some collapse evidences appeared in the Kingdom of Gok-Turks. Firstly Khan Turk Bilge (in the Chinese sources, I-jan) who re…The Importance and the Place of the Gok-Turks in the Turkish HistoryIn general Turkish history, it is known that the period of the Gok-Turks had a central identity by being the leader to the Turkish nation. Until our d…From the Monuments of Kül Tegin and Bilge KhanTurkish Bilge Khan who was in the sky as the God, I sat right now. Hear my words completely
All the nations in the east where the day lights, in the…Anthology of Tonyukuk InscriptionI am Bilge Tonyukuk and I was born in the State of China. The Turkish nation was subject to China. When the Turkish nation could not find its khan, it…