Jenghiz had defeated Nayman, Oyrat and Khirghiz people within a short period (1206) and fought against Hitay (Kitay, Kitan) and Tangut (Si-hia) people in the northern China (1211) and captured their capital city of Peking (1214). One of the generals, Muhali had also captured the reigons in the north of Sari River (1217). The Uighur people in the Eastern Turkestan (1209), Arslan Han who was the ruler of Karluk people in the region of Yedi Su (1211) and Bozar who was the ruler of Almalik (Kulca) replied the envoys of Jenghiz in positive manner and recognised his sovereignty and they were annexed to this state without a war. Guculuk from Nayman people who had taken shelter in Karahitay State was defeated by Jenghiz in a war and Liaotung and Korea were subjected to taxation. One of the commanders, Cebe Noyan had passed through Chungaria and the Eastern Turkestan and they arrived in Pamir over Kashgar and Hotan. Jenghiz's second son, Chagatai advanced from the north of Balkash Lake and from the spring of Irtish River, his elder son, Coçi arrived in the Transoxania over Kashgar, Kush and Kokand (1217). The improvident attitudes of Harezmshah Kutbeddin Mehmed and the annihilation of the envoys by Otrar governor who had been sent by Jenghiz (1218) were the accelerators of the western military expedition of Jenghiz. As it has been stated above, a great army was composed upon the union of the forces that advanced in three branches. Jenghiz Khan who advanced as the leader of the army defeated the Harezmshah State and destroyed Bokhara and Samarkand (1219-1220). Kutbeddin Mehmed's son, Toluy advanced from the southwest and captured Merv (1221). He passed over Tabriz, Tbilisi and the Caucasus and arrived in Dnepr (1222). Pursuant to the completion of the invasion of Iran (1222-1224), the southern armies had penetrated into the central regions of Anatolia. Jenghiz had surmounted the Hindu Kush Mountain on his own (1221) and he forced the residual armies of Harezm State within the regions of Indus River. Then, he invaded Punjab towards Lahor (1222). However, he had to return due to the conflicts in China and he fell down from his horse in the course of his military expedition to Tangut and got injured. (1226). Jenghiz Khan died in the year of 1227.
Turkic Beyliks & Khanates