In the Golden Horde State, most of the people had become Muslims since the year of 922. Batu Khan's little brother, Berke Khan (1255-1266) had adopted the religion of Islam and upon his adoption, this country had exactly turned into a Turkish-Islam state. In fact, the culture of Islam had diffused in these regions since the year of 922. Upon the establishment of the city of Saraya and the reinforcement of the trade relations with Turkestan, we have observed that the effect of Muslim had suddenly become superior to the other effects; as a result, the khans of Saray had become Muslims. The domination period of Berke Khan coincides with the period in which the Golden Horde State was disconnected from the Great Khanate, in other words it declared its independency. In general, his period has been known as the most glorious period of the Golden Horde State. The foundation of a new city named as "Saray" (Yeni Saray) indicates and confirms this situation. In the period of Uzbek Khan (1313-1342), the religion of Islam had much developed. The city of Saray was decorated with mosques, theological schools and dervish lodges like the other big cities of the Islam countries. The scholars, sheikhs, descendants of the Prophet and Muslim teachers had acquired great prestige in the palace of the rulers. New theological schools and the other schools were established. The masters from various Islam countries were invited to the state. It has been known that some of the famous Islam scholars such as Kutbettin-ür-Razî, Sheikh Sadettin Teftezî and the others had stayed in the city of Saray in the period of Canibek Khan (1340-1357). The creation of an interesting work named as Nehc'ül-feradis that was written either directly in Saray or upon the order of the khans in Saray or in Harezm that had been under the domination of the Golden Horde State indicated the extraordinary development of the literary language in this state.
Turkic Beyliks & Khanates