After 1850, there opened girls high schools in Macedonia. The first school was opened in Koprulu in 1850. Then many other schools were opened one after another. They opened a school in Pirpele in 1865, another in Debre in 1866, in Ohri in 1867, in Selanik and Kalkandelen in 1871, in Voden in 1872 in uskup in 1875 and so on. While there were only three church and municipality schools in Macedonia in the first ten years of Reforms, this number reached 13 in 1858, 31 in 1868 and 45 in 1868. According to Bulgarian writer S.Bobchec there were 117-120 primary schools in Macedonia in 1870-1872 with 10-12 thousand students. Except these primary schools in the big cultural and commercial centers of Macedonia, there also opened high schools of commerce and teacher training. Some European and American religious institutions benefited from Reforms and opened missioner schools. The number of schools until 1894 reached to 436. 223 of these missioner schools were opened in Anatolia, 157 in Arabic areas and 5 in Rumelia. There were 114 French, 94 American, 53 English, 36 Italian, 18 German, 14 Austrian, 24 Russian, 12 Greek, 4 Serbian and 54 unknown schools in Ottoman Empire in this period. They made propaganda for their own objectives without any limitation and difficulty.
After 1847, they established churches, dormitories, nursery schools and even hospitals in order to control Macedonian Chiristian people. They succeeded in a way. In 1856 Kılkıs Orthodox Christians became Catholic Christians in groups. 38 new catholic high schools were opened in this period. Catholic propaganda was lead from Selanico Lazarist Center in Macedonia and the same center was in Istanbul for other Ottoman regions. Missioner schools worked for controlling Rumelia Orthodox Christians and stop aggressive Russian and Pan-Slavic movement. They encouraged hostility in native Christian settlers against Turks and Muslims. They used these schools against Greek Patriarch in order to gain independence. Ottoman government supported generally this said independence campaign. Even Mahmet Ali Pasha, Fuat Pasha and Ahmet Mithat Pasha, who were the leaders of Ittıhat Party in government, supported this movement.
Bulgarian people started to publish newspapers and books for developing their Born Again campain with the help of Reforms in Ottoman Empire. They published 16 school books for their curriculum serving their objective for independence, which was led by Parteniye Zografski, Kuzman Şapkarev, Dimitar V. Makedonski and Georgi Pulevski hazırladı. They published most of these books in Istanbul.
We see the first issues of Bulgarian newspapers in Istanbul in the second half of 19th century. For example, "Makedoniya" paper started in 1864. It was followed by "1878 Calendar" in 1878 and "Makedonski Glas" in 1885. Macedonian Christians opened hundreds of churches and schools between 1839 and 1876. They grew children in these institutions with full of hostility against Turkish nation and Ottoman Empire. Bulgarian Autonomous Government did the same application and made those schools political institutions and military base against the Empire. The schools were used as armory warehouses in time. Ottoman Empire was tolerant against these Bulgarian institutions though was informed about their activities.
Macedonian Slavs also benefited from the opportunities of Monarch II and its privileges for non-Turk groups. They opened many primary and middle schools as well as commercial and technical colleges. There were 546 Bulgarian primary and middle schools in 1912 with 958 teachers, while there were 167 Turkish schools with 268 Turkish teachers in the same period. Serbia invaded some part of Turkish Macedonia at Balkan Wars. There were 761 churches with 833 pastors, 6 bishops in this region alongside with 641 schools with 1013 teachers during Ottoman period.
In the second half of 19th century, especially after the Great East Crisis in 1875-1878, there was neither national nor religious union in Macedonia. Neighbor countries started tumults and incidents in order to control in Macedonian Christians. Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Karadag made alliance in order to invade Macedonia and other European regions under Ottoman control. Ottoman country was in a war against Italia in Trablusgarb in Algeria. They invaded Turkish Macedonia and Rumelia temporarily and Slavs in Macedonia lost their language, religious, educational and cultural character that they had during Ottoman period. After the World War I, Serbia destroyed all Macedonian schools, libraries, churches. They forbade all of them and assimilated them in Serbian culture. Bulgarian did the same in Pirin region while Greece acted in the same way in Aegean region of Macedonia.
To be continued