Turkic Republics
End of Ottoman Empire, and History of Republic
Subtopics
Mondros Armistice AgreementUpon the defeat of the Ottoman State and its allies in the First World War, it was expected that the Allies would conclude an armistice for the cease-…Societies against the National ResistanceThe invasions and provocation pursuant to the Mondros Armistice Agreement laid foundation for the frequent concentration and emergence of separatist a…National SocietiesThe national societies that were founded under the general name of Müdafaa-i Hukuk (Defence of Rights) in nearly every corner of the country were foun…Reactions against the Invasion of IzmirAs it is known, the High Council composed of Lloyd George, Clémanceau and Wilson had given permission for the landing of Greek troops in Izmir on the…Landing in SamsunMustafa Kemal and his friends had landed in from Bandirma ship that arrived in Samsun on the date of 19th May 1919. An ancient Greek house was allocat…Amasya ProclamationMustafa Kemal Pasha was determined to assemble a general congress in Sivas in order to unite the Anatolian and Roumelian organisations and societies.…Erzurum CongressThe assembly of Erzurum Congress was resolved upon the cooperation of the provinces of Erzurum and Trebizond against the Armenians and Greek desires o…Balıkesir CongressesOn the date of 28th June 1919, a congress was organised in Balikesir in order to provide the establishment of an order and the management and alimenta…Sivas CongressSivas Congress was opened with a speech of Mustafa Kemal Pasha that he gave from the rostrum of chairman in his capacity as emcee on the date of 4th S…Importance of Sivas CongressSivas Congress had resulted from the national awakening that was caused by the internal and external threats that the Turkish Nation encountered. The…Amasya Negotiations and ProtocolsUpon the resignation of the Government of Damat Ferit Pasha, Ali Rıza Pasha was assigned with the establishment of the new government. Mustafa Kemal P…Assembly of Representative Council in Istanbul and the Adoption of National PactPursuant to the elections carried out, the Representative Council was opened in Istanbul on the date of 12th January 1920. The activities of the Counc…Foundation of the Great National AssemblyFoundation of the Great National Assembly (23rd April 1920)RebellionsThe rebellions that took place in the region that surrounded the Straits in the basin of Marmara had resulted mostly from the English policy. Since En…Formation of National Army and National ForcesIn narrow sense, the National Forces (Kuvay-ı Milliye) means the armed forces that fought against the enemies until the formation of an organised army…Formation of the Organised ArmyThe National Forces had showed an effective resistance in some regions against the unfair invasions of the enemies pursuant to the armistice. However,…First and Second Inönü WarsThe Greek forces depended on both the great states and the forces that they had. Therefore, they advanced from Bursa and came towards the section of I…Great VictoryChief Commander Ghazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha departed from Ankara in secret and went to the front. He had some conversations with Fevzi Pasha who was the…Mudanya Armistice AgreementPursuant to the capture of Izmir, the national forces advanced towards Çanakkale in order to wipe off the Greek army from the Thrace. Upon this event,…Abolition of SultanateOn the date of 22nd October 1922, the Allied States invited the TBMM Government to the peace conference to be organised in Lausanne. However, the Alli…